The Federal Reserve Board on Friday released the results of the 2025 Survey of Consumer Finances, a dataset that provides the public and policymakers with detailed insights into the economic condition of American families. The figures were released on October 9, 2026, at 10:00 a.m. EDT.

The data offer a representative picture of what Americans own, how and how much they borrow, and how they bank. The current version of the survey has been conducted every three years since 1989, giving the public an extensive time series of thorough information on the financial circumstances of U.S. households. Because it is built from a random, nationally representative sample, the survey functions as one of the principal benchmarks for gauging the financial condition of American households.

Alongside the survey data, the Board issued its summary report, Changes in U.S. Family Finances from 2022 to 2025: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances, which examines changes in income, net worth, assets, debt, and financial vulnerability.

Key findings from the 2025 survey include:

Income. Real median family income rose 7 percent between the 2022 and 2025 surveys to $82,200, while real mean family income fell 6 percent to $145,200. Families in the lower ends of the income and net worth distributions saw modest increases in median and mean income, while families in the upper ends experienced declines. Median figures mark the midpoint of the distribution — half of families fall above and half below — while means are averages that can diverge from the median when gains and losses land unevenly across groups.

Net worth. Real median net worth rose 2 percent between 2022 and 2025 to $215,900, while real mean net worth rose 7 percent to $1.24 million. Most families across the net worth and income distributions experienced increases in median and mean wealth.

Housing. The homeownership rate was 66 percent in 2025, about unchanged from 2022. For families that owned a home, the median net housing value — the value of a home minus home-secured debt, such as a mortgage — rose to $230,000 in 2025 from $218,900 in 2022.

Retirement. Retirement plan participation, which includes account-type plans, individual retirement accounts, and defined benefit plans, was up slightly between 2022 and 2025 at around 65 percent. For families with account-type plans, mean and median balances rose.

Stock ownership. Participation in the stock market, which includes direct stock and indirect holdings, declined slightly from 58 percent in 2022 to 56 percent in 2025. Conditional on holding stock, median stock holdings grew 36 percent, from $56,900 in 2022 to $77,400 in 2025. The participation figure counts families holding stock either directly or indirectly, while the growth in holdings is measured only among families that own stock.

Debt. The fraction of families with any type of debt remained about stable at 77 percent, and median and mean debt outstanding were unchanged from 2022. The share of families with debt payment-to-income ratios greater than 40 percent — households with particularly high debt payment obligations relative to their incomes — increased from 6.5 percent to 8.6 percent, a level last seen in the 2013 survey. The payment-to-income ratio compares a family's debt payments with its income, and the share of families above 40 percent is one gauge of household debt burden.

In addition to the summary report, an interactive chartbook displaying changes in these financial characteristics over time is available on the Board's website. Additional data from the survey, including extensive information examining other economic conditions of American families, is made available to researchers and the public. The materials document how household finances evolved between the 2022 and 2025 survey waves.

The survey is conducted for the Board by NORC, a social science research organization at the University of Chicago. Participants are chosen at random from 119 geographic areas, including metropolitan areas and rural counties across the United States, using scientific sampling procedures that aim to produce a sample representative of American families. Under that three-year schedule, the next wave of data collection would follow in 2028.

Media inquiries may be directed to the Federal Reserve Board's press office at (202) 452-2955. The full press release is available on the Federal Reserve's website.