美联储在3名反对票推动加息后维持利率于3.50%至3.75%
要点速览
- •联邦公开市场委员会将联邦基金目标区间维持在3.50%至3.75%不变。
- •三名委员投票反对该决定,并主张将利率上调四分之一个百分点:Beth Hammack、Neel Kashkari和Lorie Logan。
- •会议声明未包含前瞻性指引,且明显短于上一份声明。
- •声明更强调通胀仍然偏高,同时指出经济活动稳健、失业率变化不大。
- •这是一场没有点阵图的会议,公布后2个月期美国国债收益率下跌了7个基点。

在主席Warsh称之为“a good family fight”之后,联邦公开市场委员会将政策利率维持在3.50%至3.75%不变,3名委员倾向于加息。
投反对票的是Beth Hammack、Neel Kashkari和Lorie Logan。在这次会议上,市场出现了少见的不确定性,因为Warsh作为其更广泛“Regime Change”的一部分,已经不再提供前瞻性指引。这使交易员更依赖最新数据、市场定价以及声明本身的措辞来判断美联储立场。
在缺少前瞻性指引的情况下,跟踪联邦基金期货市场的CME FedWatch Tool在声明发布前数小时给出了33.7%的加息概率和66.3%的按兵不动概率。在美国国债市场中,上周2个月期国债收益率大幅上升,显示该期限的投资者已经开始为本次会议的加息进行定价。这些证券将在大致接近美联储9月会议时到期,因此该部分债券市场并不在意9月是否加息,但买家仍希望为他们预期在本次会议上发生的加息得到补偿。声明发布后,2个月期收益率立即下跌了7个基点。
声明本身明显较短,且不包含前瞻性指引。剔除联系信息和链接后全文只有166个词,远少于上一任主席Powell时期上次会议发布的341个词。Warsh转向不提供前瞻性指引,是其上次会议“Regime Change”中的最初举措之一。
该声明对通胀的关注高于对经济和劳动力市场的关注,这种转变早在3月、Powell任内就已开始。除投票结果和列出反对者之外,唯一的文字变化是措辞的小幅调整:
New: “The Committee is continuing its policy of maintaining ample reserves in the banking system.”
Old: “The Committee reaffirmed its policy of maintaining ample reserves in the banking system.”
这也是一次没有点阵图的会议。过去几年,FOMC通常在一年8次会议中的4次会议后,即每季度发布一次“Summary of Economic Projections”(SEP)。SEP包含“dot plot”,用于显示每位委员如何看待未来政策利率、通胀、GDP增长和失业率的路径。
6月会议原本是一次点阵图会议,但Warsh在宣布反对前瞻性指引后,没有提交自己的预测,以避免提供指引,从而开始削弱点阵图。未来可能不再有点阵图。但如果FOMC再次发布SEP,那将是在9月会议之后。
完整声明如下:
“The Federal Open Market Committee approved the following statement for release by a 9 – 3 vote:
The Committee decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 3-1/2 to 3-3/4 percent, in support of the Federal Reserve’s dual mandate. The Committee is continuing its policy of maintaining ample reserves in the banking system.
Economic activity is expanding at a solid pace despite elevated uncertainty that owes, in part, to the conflict in the Middle East. Productivity growth and capital investment are strong. Job gains have kept pace with the workforce, and the unemployment rate has changed little.
Inflation remains elevated relative to the Committee’s 2 percent goal, in part reflecting supply shocks that have driven price increases in certain sectors, including energy. The Committee will deliver price stability.
Voting against the monetary policy action were Beth M. Hammack, Neel Kashkari, and Lorie K. Logan, who preferred to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 1/4 percentage point at this meeting.”
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